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October 2024 Abstracts
Review
Article
Current
landscape of research on whitening toothpastes and their effects
Yong-Shin Hong, dds, msd, Soyeon Kim, ba, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, dds, ms, phd & Young-Seok Park, dds, msd, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To explore the latest trends in
research on whitening toothpaste and to present the issues and future
perspectives of these studies. Methods: An initial PubMed search was
performed, followed by a meticulous manual review. A total of 543 papers were
initially retrieved, and 54 final research papers were selected and analyzed
through a manual review. Results: The number of studies on whitening
toothpastes has significantly increased, and while initial studies primarily
focused on the efficacy of various whitening toothpastes, recent studies have
shifted towards investigating the potential effects on dental hard tissues such
as enamel and dentin. Common active ingredients used in these whitening
toothpastes include hydrogen peroxide, activated charcoal, and blue covarine.
Most studies have used commercial toothpastes with fixed ingredients rather
than experimentally manufactured toothpaste, and it was noted that toothpastes
from specific major manufacturers were frequently used. (Am J Dent 2024;37:223-229).
Clinical significance: Whitening toothpastes should be treated as separate
entities based on their active ingredients, and more standardized experimental
designs are required for better comparisons. Accurate analysis and labeling of
other components of toothpaste are also essential.
Mail: Prof. Dr Young-Seok Park, School
of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul,
03080, Republic of Korea. E-mail: ayoayo7@snu.ac.kr
Research
Article
The
effect of a universal cleaning agent on the bonding performance
Ozge Çeliksöz, dds, Hatice Tepe, dds, Batu Can Yaman, dds, phd, Zeynep
Dikmen, phd
Abstract: Purpose: This study examined the effect of
using KATANA Cleaner (KC) containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen
phosphate (MDP) salt on the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of a self-adhesive
cement to uncontaminated and contaminated dentin. Methods: Dentin
samples were categorized into four contamination conditions (no contamination,
saliva, blood, saliva/blood mixed) and subjected to two decontamination methods
(water rinse and KC use), forming eight groups. Scanning electron microscope
images representing each group were obtained. One sample representing each
group was analyzed by Raman Spectroscopy. Composite resin was bonded to the
sample dentin surfaces with a self-adhesive resin cement. After 5,000 thermal
cycles, the µSBS test was performed. The data were analyzed statistically
(α= 0.05). Results: The lowest µSBS value was observed in the
water-rinsed mixed contamination group, while the highest was in the KC-treated
uncontaminated group. KC-treated groups exhibited significantly higher µSBS
values compared to water-rinsed groups for each contamination type (P< 0.05),
indicating the efficacy of KC in enhancing bond strength. (Am J Dent 2024;37:230-236).
Clinical significance: There are limited studies using the new MDP salt-containing cleaner on dentin.
In this study, contamination of dentin tissue with saliva, blood, and
saliva/blood mixture was simulated and the effects of water rinsing and MDP
salt-containing cleaner (KATANA Cleaner) on bond strength were tested as
decontamination methods. The results showed that the use of a cleaner
containing MDP salt increased the bond strength to dentin tissue under both
non-contaminated and contaminated conditions.
Mail: Dr. Ozge Çeliksöz, Department
of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University,
Eskisehir, Turkey. E-mail: ozgeeozdil@gmail.com
Review
Article
Milk
fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing-mediated
Ruonan Zhang, mds, Shuang Peng, bds, Lili Chen, phd & Guangxun Zhu, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To review the literature on the relationship of milk fat
globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8) in periodontal
osteoimmunology and the clinical significance of MFGE8 in periodontal disease. Methods: Two reviewers carried out a computer-based literature search using PubMed,
Scopus, and Web of Science to identify papers published up to November 2023.
The keywords used in the investigation were “MFGE8” and various words related
to periodontal disease (periodontal, periodontitis, gingival, gingivitis,
gingiva, and periodontium). Results: MFGE8 plays a critical role in the
etiology of periodontal disease via regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and
bone cells. In addition, MFGE8 may be applied as a diagnostic biomarker and a
therapeutic target in periodontal disease. (Am J Dent 2024;37:237-243).
Clinical significance: MFGE8-mediated periodontal osteoimmunology fills the
vacant part of the pathogenesis in periodontal disease. This review provides a
comprehensive perspective on the potential of MFGE8 in periodontal disease
therapy.
Mail: Dr. Guangxun Zhu, Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical
College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. E-mail: zhuguangxun@163.com
Research
Article
Influence of file
compression on radiographic diagnosis
Gleica Dal’
Ongaro Savegnago, dds, ms, Youdeline Jean
Jacques, Gabriela Barbieri Ortigara, dds, ms Mariana
Boessio Vizzotto, dds, ms, phd & Gabriela Salatino Liedke, dds, ms, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the influence of
imaging compression on radiographic diagnosis of periodontal bone loss on smartphones. Methods: 45 digital periapical radiographs with diverse periodontal bone
loss patterns were selected. All radiographs were performed with a CMOS-type
sensor and were exported from the acquisition software with two compressions:
JPEG with a 10% compression rate and JPEG with a 90% compression rate. Images
were shared using the WhatsApp application and three examiners evaluated all
radiographs on the smartphone. The examiners’ diagnostic agreement was
evaluated using the Kappa index. The McNemar and Cochran's Q statistical tests
were used to compare the impact of the image compression, examiner, and type of
periodontal bone defect on the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed
using the SPSS software. Results: Kappa values were greater than 0.7 for
all examiners and no statistically significant
difference for the periodontal diagnosis, regardless of the image compression, the
examiner background, and the type of periodontal bone defect. (Am J Dent 2024;37:244-246).
Clinical significance: The use of smartphones to analyze and share images
has become very common in dentistry. This study shows that images can be shared
and analyzed on smartphones without compromising periodontal diagnosis,
regardless of their spatial resolution.
Mail: Dr. Gabriela Salatino Liedke, Oral Radiology,
Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria Federal University, Av. Roraima nº 1000,
26F-2111, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: gabriela.liedke@ufsm.br
Research
Article
A comparison of polishing systems and
thermal cycling on the surface roughness and color stability of a single-shade resin
composite
Sanem Ozaslan, dds, Batu Can Yaman, dds, phd, Ozge Celiksoz, dds, Hatice Tepe, dds
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the surface roughness
and color stability of a single-shade composite resin after thermal cycling
with different finishing and polishing systems. Methods: A total of 91
specimens were prepared with standard molds using a single-shade resin composite
Omnichroma. The specimens were randomly separated into seven groups: Control
(Mylar strip only), grit (600 grit SiC abrasive paper), OneGloss, Clearfil
Twist Dia, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, EVE Diacomp Plus Twist, and OptiDisc.
The top surface of each specimen was polished per the manufacturers’
directions. After initial measurements, 10,000 and 50,000 thermal cycles were
performed. After each thermal cycling, the measurements were retaken. A
generalized linear model analysis was used to compare the values, and multiple
comparisons were performed with the Bonferroni correction. Results: Different finishing and polishing systems and thermal cycling significantly
affected the surface roughness and color change of the single-shade composite
resin (P< 0.001). The smoothest surfaces were obtained with the Sof-Lex
Diamond Polishing System, while the group polished with Clearfil Twist Dia
showed the least color change. (Am J Dent 2024;35:247-254).
Clinical significance: The surface roughness of the single-shade resin composite
exhibited acceptable values for all polishing systems tested. The color change
values of the single-shade resin composite were found to be above the
acceptable value for all polishing systems, but the two-step spiral polishing
systems performed better in terms of color stability.
Mail: Dr. Sanem Ozaslan, Department
of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University,
Eskisehir, Turkey. E-mail: snmsygn@gmail.com
Research
Article
Charcoal
dentifrices: A laboratory study of their safety and efficacy
Ashley N. Bowers, ms, Christina M. Tyrakowski,
phd, Yukiko
Koizumi, phd, dds, Rayhan
Shah,
Abstract: Purpose: To compare charcoal-containing dentifrices (CDs) to
non-charcoal containing dentifrices (NCDs) through the following
experiments: potentially available fluoride, 1-minute fluoride release, pH,
cytotoxicity, heavy metals, enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) and relative dentin
abrasivity (RDA). Methods: Nine fluoride dentifrices; six CDs and three
NCDs were tested (n= 3) for available fluoride, the amount of fluoride released
within 1 minute, pH cytotoxicity, heavy metals, EFU and RDA. Four CDs and 1 NCD
contained sodium fluoride (NaF) as the active ingredient whereas two
dentifrices contained stannous fluoride (SnF2; 1 CD and 1 NCD), and
two dentifrices contained disodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3,
or Na2MFP; 1 CD and 1 NCD). Available samples were homogenized and
diluted to 1-in-100 in deionized water (DIW). Release samples were prepared as
1-in-4 homogenized dilutions by mass in DIW. Available and release samples were
measured in triplicate (n= 3) via fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE) and
ion chromatography (IC). ANSI/ADA 130 was followed for pH. L929 cells were
cultured using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and ISO 10993-5 Annex C
MTT cytotoxicity test. Heavy metals testing was performed using a hydrofluoric
acid digestion sample preparation method followed by inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. EFU was performed on enamel specimens
that underwent treatment with a CD slurry (1-in-4 dilution) following Test
Method #40 of FDA Monograph 21. RDA was performed following ISO 11609 Annex A
and the Hefferren method. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by
post-hoc tests (α= 0.05). Results: Available fluoride for all nine
dentifrices was between ~93-102% of the labeled amount. The amount of fluoride
released after 1 minute of homogenous mixing ranged between 75-107% of the
labeled amount. The pH values of the nine dentifrices ranged from 6.5 to 7.7.
Charcoal did not significantly contribute to cytotoxicity in L929 cells. The
concentrations of each heavy metal (Hg, Cd, As and Pb) present in each of the
nine dentifrices were < 1 ppm, indicating trace amounts. The CDs were not
significantly more abrasive than the NCDs. The SnF2 CD had the
highest EFU value (644.2 ±131.7 ppm) followed by the NaF CD and the Na2MFP
CD at 492.2± 69.5 ppm and 140.1± 28.1 ppm, respectively. (Am J Dent 2024;37:255-262).
Clinical significance: Charcoal-containing dentifrices were not found to be significantly more
abrasive or cytotoxic than non-charcoal-containing dentifrices. Charcoal and
non-charcoal-containing dentifrices were also found to be comparable through
experiments determining their fluoride content, pH, enamel fluoride uptake and
heavy metals.
Mail: Dr.
Simone Duarte, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main
Street, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA. E-mail:
simonedu@buffalo.edu
Research
Article
Framework’s
marginal adaptation evaluation of fixed partial denture
Ingrid Carneiro Cavalcante
Souto, dds, msc, Otávio Marino dos Santos
Neto, dds, phd, Lívia Fiorin, dds, phd,
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the marginal and internal misfit of fixed
partial denture zirconia frameworks developed from conventional impression and
intraoral scanning, before and after being subjected to the thermal cycle of
the covering ceramic. Methods: A three-elements fixed partial denture
was prepared, molded, and poured with polyurethane. Group CI (n= 7) was
impressed by the conventional technique with polyvinyl siloxane material, and
the plaster models scanned on the inEosX5 bench scanner. Group DI (n=07) was
scanned using the CEREC Bluecam intraoral scanner. The models and images
obtained were sent to the laboratory and the frameworks were made using
zirconia blocks. After this, they were subjected to the ceramic thermal cycle,
simulating the ceramic application. Marginal and
internal misfits of the frameworks were measured before (T1) and after (T2)
thermal cycle simulation using the replica technique in an optical microscope.
Statistical analysis was performed using the mixed effects of linear model
tests and comparisons. Results: There were no statistical differences
for axial misfit. Significant differences were found between the groups for
occlusal, vertical, horizontal, and absolute misfit, where group CI had higher
values than group DI (P< 0.001). At the time, there was a statistical
difference only in the absolute misfit, where T1 had lower values than T2. The
misfit in group CI was greater than in group DI; however, the average misfit
values found are low and considered clinically acceptable. (Am J Dent 2024;37:263-267).
Clinical significance: Knowing marginal and internal
misfit is an important step to consolidating digital impressions in fixed
partial dentures, implying a secure use of this technique.
Mail: Dr.
Ingrid Carneiro Cavalcante Souto, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirao
Preto, SP, Brazil. E-mail:
ingridsouto@usp.br
Research
Article
Effects
of salivary contamination on the shear bond strengths
Mark A. Latta, dmd, ms, Toshiki Takamizawa, dmd, phd, Scott M. Radniecki, dds, Wayne W.
Barkmeier, dds, ms,
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin
composite to dentin contaminated with artificial saliva (AS) containing mucin
and amylase using an experimental method controlling the volume of saliva and
adhesive in a defined surface area. Methods: Flat bonding surfaces were
prepared on extracted human molars (320 grit surface). Using adhesive tape, a
4.5 mm bonding window was prepared on the dentin surfaces. Groups (n= 12) were
prepared using the etch & rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) modes for Adhese
Universal (ADH), Scotchbond Universal Plus (SBU), and Prime & Bond active
(PBA) dental adhesives (DA). For the control (C) groups, the adhesives were
applied per the manufacturers’ instructions with 2.0 µl or 3.0 µl of the
adhesive. For the saliva-contaminated groups, 1.0 µl of artificial saliva with
mucin was applied in the bonding window either dried or allowed to remain wet
before the application of either 2.0 µl or 3.0 µl of the adhesive. After the
adhesive film was air dried and light cured using an Ultradent bonding fixture,
Spectrum TPH3 was bonded to the prepared surfaces. After water storage for 24
hours at 37°C, the specimens were debonded and shear bond strength (SBS) was
calculated (MPa). A Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction was used to
determine group differences (P< 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
was performed to visualize the interfacial surfaces prepared using an
ion-etching technique. Results: Mean SBS for the three adhesives were
similar in both ER and SE modes to uncontaminated dentin surfaces for all the
control groups. For dentin contaminated with dried or wet saliva, both the
surface condition and the adhesive system were significant factors at a
confidence level of 95%. For the dried saliva test groups, ADH and PBA with 3.0
µl of adhesive generated similar SBS values to controls while SBU generated
lower values. Lower values were generated when using 2.0 µl of adhesive for the
three adhesives in SE and ER modes except for PBA in the ER mode. Using wet
saliva and 3.0 µl of adhesive ADH and SBU generated lower SBS values while PBA
generated similar values to controls. Under SEM, morphology at the adhesive
dentin interfaces was similar among the adhesives to uncontaminated dentin but
notable differences were observed for SBU and ADH for both wet and dried
saliva-contaminated surfaces. (Am J Dent 2024;37:268-276).
Clinical significance: Salivary
contamination differentially affects shear bond strength and the morphology of
the bonded interface of universal adhesives to dentin. These differences are
specific to the adhesive tested and are influenced by using the etch and rinse
or self-etch strategies and the volume of adhesive used. When concerned about
salivary contamination clinically, maximizing the volume of adhesive on the
substrate may help mitigate the deleterious effects of saliva contamination.
Mail: Dr. Mark A. Latta, Creighton
University School of Dentistry, 2109 Cuming Street, Omaha NE 68102, USA. E-mail:
mlatta@creighton.edu
